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1.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 80(5): 330-331, Sept.-Oct. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888149

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT A 37-year-old female presented with severe apraxia of lid opening (ALO) affecting the right upper lid associated with Becker congenital myotonia (MC). The patient had a history of right upper lid ptosis for 25 years that was exacerbated over the previous month with severe incapacity to open her right eye. No other associated neurological or ophthalmic symptoms were observed. The patient was treated with botulinum toxin (BoNT-A) injection into the pretarsal and lateral canthus region of the orbicularis oculi of the affected eyelid. Treatment with BoNT-A is an effective method of managing ALO in Becker MC. This is the first case of unilateral ALO in the course of Becker MC that was successfully treated with injections of botulinum toxin.


RESUMO Trata-se de uma mulher de 37 anos apresentando grave apraxia de abertura da pálpebra (AAP) superior direita associada com miotomia congênita de Becker (MC). A paciente há 25 anos apresentava ptose palpebral a direita e há um mês desenvolveu incapacidade de abertura do olho direito. Não havia associação com outro sintoma neurológico ou oftalmológico. A paciente recebeu injeção de botulinum toxin (BoNT-A) no músculo orbicular a direita, na região pretarsal e no canto lateral. A BoNT-A foi efetiva para o tratamento da AAP associada com miotomia congênita de Becker.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Apraxias/drug therapy , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Eyelid Diseases/drug therapy , Myotonia Congenita/complications , Neurotoxins/therapeutic use , Apraxias/etiology , Time Factors , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Eyelid Diseases/etiology , Facial Muscles/drug effects , Facial Muscles/physiopathology , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects
3.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 29(4): 589-593, 2014. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-831

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A cirurgia plástica, sempre em busca de resultados cada vez mais expressivo, vem associando às técnicas já consagradas aos novos tempos intraoperatórios. Este trabalho descreve uma técnica cirúrgica para ser associada às ritidoplastias baseada na ressecção da porção lateral do músculo orbicular, seguida pela enxertia do próprio músculo, porém invertido, sobre a área ressecada. MÉTODO: Em um período de 5 anos, foram realizadas 54 ritidoplastias associadas a técnica descrita. RESULTADOS: O seguimento no pós-operatório tardio (5 anos) mostrou-se satisfatório com permanente desaparecimento das ritides perioculares por neutralizar as forças exercidas pelo músculo nesta área. Não houve insatisfação por parte dos pacientes. Logo, trata-se de um procedimento com excelentes resultados na resolução das ritides perioculares e na elevação da porção caudal da sobrancelha em relação a orbita. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica descrita gera resultados permanentes e satisfatórios.


INTRODUCTION:In the continued search for increasingly expressive results, plastic surgeons are combining established techniques with new intraoperative times. This article describes a surgical technique associated with rhytidoplasties based on the resection of the lateral portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle, followed by grafting the muscle itself, however inverted, on the resected area. METHOD: In a 5-year period, 54 rhytidoplasties associated with the described technique were performed. RESULTS: The follow-up in the late postoperative period (5 years) was satisfactory, with the permanent disappearance of periocular rhytides due to the neutralization of the forces exerted by the muscle in this area. There was no dissatisfaction on the part of the patients. Consequently, the procedure had excellent results in the resolution of periocular rhytides and in lifting the caudal part of the eyebrow in relation to the orbit. CONCLUSION: The technique described generates permanent and satisfactory results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , History, 21st Century , Rejuvenation , Surgery, Plastic , Case Reports , Aging , Rhytidoplasty , Face , Oculomotor Muscles , Surgery, Plastic/adverse effects , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Aging/pathology , Rhytidoplasty/adverse effects , Rhytidoplasty/methods , Face/anatomy & histology , Face/surgery , Oculomotor Muscles/surgery , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects
4.
IJPM-International Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2013; 4 (11): 1258-1265
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-143085

ABSTRACT

The current study aimed to determine preventive effect of 2 percent topical xylocaine on oculocardiac reflex in ophthalmological surgeries except strabismus, including retinal detachment and vitrectomy with scleral buckling under general anesthesia. A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out on 150 patients aged 18-90 years undergoing ophthalmological surgeries under general anesthesia. Samples randomly divided into the experimental group [received four drops of 2 percent topical xylocaine instilled in desired eye] and control group [received 0.5 mg atropine sulfate injection]. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure of patients and baseline heart rate were recorded. They were compared regarding the incidence of bradycardia, heart rate less than 60 beats/minute, hypotension and blood pressure less than 90 mm/Hg. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 20 using Chi-square and ANOVA. The difference between two groups was not statistically significant regarding demographic and basic variables. The incidence of bradycardia in both groups was respectively [90.7 percent vs. 17.3 percent], heart rate less than 60 beats/minute [40 percent vs. 13.3 percent], hypotension [76 percent vs. 32 percent] and blood pressure less than 90 mmHg was [28 percent vs. 8 percent]. Accordingly, the differences between both groups were statistically significant [P > 0.001]. The preventive impact of topical xylocaine upon oculocardiac reflex in ophthalmological surgeries such as retinal detachment and vitrectomy with scleral buckling under general anesthesia was less effective than that of atropine injection. Therefore, to avoid this reflex in high risk patients, injecting atropine would be safer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Reflex, Oculocardiac/drug effects , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures , Anesthesia, Local , Anesthesia, General , Analysis of Variance , Vitrectomy , Retinal Detachment , Scleral Buckling , Bradycardia/prevention & control
5.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 75(6): 385-389, nov.-dez. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-675618

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Crotoxin is the main neurotoxin of South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus. The neurotoxic action is characterized by a presynaptic blockade. The purpose of this research is to assess the ability of crotoxin to induce temporary paralysis of extraocular and facial muscles in humans. METHODS: Doses of crotoxin used ranged from 2 to 5 units (U), each unit corresponding to one LD50. We first applied 2U of crotoxin in one of the extraocular muscles of 3 amaurotic individuals to be submitted to ocular evisceration. In the second stage, we applied crotoxin in 12 extraocular muscles of 9 patients with strabismic amblyopia. In the last stage, crotoxin was used in the treatment of blepharospasm in another 3 patients. RESULTS: No patient showed any systemic side effect or change in vision or any eye structure problem after the procedure. The only local side effects observed were slight conjunctival hyperemia, which recovered spontaneously. In 2 patients there was no change in ocular deviation after 2U crotoxin application. Limitation of the muscle action was observed in 8 of the 12 applications. The change in ocular deviation after application of 2U of crotoxin (9 injections) was in average 15.7 prism diopters (PD). When the dose was 4U (2 applications) the change was in average 37.5 PD and a single application of 5U produced a change of 16 PD in ocular deviation. This effect lasted from 1 to 3 months. Two of the 3 patients with blepharospasm had the hemifacial spasm improved with crotoxin, which returned after 2 months. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides data suggesting that crotoxin may be a useful new therapeutic option for the treatment of strabismus and blepharospasm. We expect that with further studies crotoxin could be an option for many other medical areas.


OBJETIVO: A crotoxina é a principal neurotoxina da cascavel sul-americana Crotalus durissus terrificus e sua ação neurotóxica caracteriza-se por um bloqueio pré-sináptico. O objetivo da pesquisa é avaliar a capacidade da crotoxina em induzir paralisia transitória de músculos extraoculares e faciais em seres humanos. MÉTODOS: As doses utilizadas de crotoxina foram de 2 a 5 unidades (U), sendo que cada unidade correspondia a uma DL-50. Na primeira etapa, aplicou-se 2U de crotoxina em músculos extraoculares de 3 indivíduos amauróticos, candidatos à evisceração. Na segunda etapa, realizaram-se 12 aplicações de crotoxina em músculos extraoculares de 9 indivíduos estrábicos e amblíopes. Na terceira e última etapa, utilizou-se a crotoxina para o tratamento do blefaroespasmo essencial em 3 indivíduos. RESULTADOS: Nenhum paciente demonstrou qualquer efeito sistêmico ou alteração da visão ou de qualquer estrutura ocular. O único efeito local adverso foi hiperemia conjuntival, que melhorou espontaneamente. Em 2 pacientes não houve alteração do desvio ocular após a aplicação de 2U de crotoxina. Observou-se em 8 das 12 aplicações, limitação do movimento ocular no campo de ação do músculo aplicado. A diminuição do desvio ocular com 2U crotoxina (9 aplicações) foi em média de 15,7 dioptrias prismáticas (DP); na dosagem de 4U (2 aplicações) foi em média de 37,5 DP e na única aplicação de 5U, obteve-se redução de 16 DP no desvio ocular. A alteração do alinhamento ocular manteve-se por 1 a 3 meses. Dois dos 3 pacientes portadores de blefaroespasmo apresentaram melhora dos espasmos hemifacias, os quais voltaram após 2 meses. CONCLUSÕES: Através dos resultados observados neste estudo, acreditamos que a crotoxina possa ser útil no tratamento do estrabismo e do blefaroespasmo. Novos estudos precisam ser realizados para confirmar a eficácia e a segurança da crotoxina como opção terapêutica para diversas áreas da medicina que atualmente utilizam a toxina botulínica.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Mice , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Crotoxin/administration & dosage , Facial Muscles/drug effects , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/administration & dosage , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects , Ophthalmoplegia/drug therapy , Blepharospasm/drug therapy , Crotoxin/adverse effects , Injections, Intraocular , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/adverse effects , Strabismus/drug therapy
6.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 75(5): 307-312, set.-out. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-667572

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Crotoxin is the major toxin of the venom of the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus, capable of causing a blockade of the neurotransmitters at the neuromuscular junction. The objective of this study was to appraise the action and effectiveness of the crotoxin induced paralysis of the extraocular muscle and to compare its effects with the botulinum toxin type A (BT-A). METHODS: The crotoxin, with LD50 of 1.5 µg, was injected into the superior rectus muscle in ten New Zealand rabbits. The concentration variance was 0.015 up to 150 µg. Two rabbits received 2 units of botulinum toxin type A for comparative analysis. The evaluation of the paralysis was performed using serial electromyography. After the functional recovery of the muscles, which occurred after two months, six rabbits were sacrificed for anatomopathology study. RESULTS: The animals did not show any evidence of systemic toxicity. Transitory ptosis was observed in almost every animal and remained up to fourteen days. These toxins caused immediate blockade of the electrical potentials. The recovery was gradual in the average of one month with regeneration signs evident on the electromyography. The paralysis effect of the crotoxin on the muscle was proportional to its concentration. The changes with 1.5 µg crotoxin were similar to those produced by the botulinum toxin type A. The histopathology findings were localized to the site of the injection. No signs of muscle fiber's necrosis were seen in any sample. The alterations induced by crotoxin were also proportional to the concentration and similar to botulinum toxin type A in concentration of 1.5 µg. CONCLUSION: Crotoxin was able to induce transitory paralysis of the superior rectus muscle. This effect was characterized by reduction of action potentials and non-specific signs of fibrillation. Crotoxin, in concentration of 1.5 µg was able to induce similar effects as botulinum toxin type A.


OBJETIVO: A crotoxina é a principal toxina do veneno da cobra cascavel sul-americana Crotalus durissus terrificus e causa bloqueio da neurotransmissão na junção neuromuscular. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ação e aplicabilidade da crotoxina na indução de paralisia da musculatura extrínseca ocular, e comparar seus efeitos com os da toxina botulínica do tipo A (TB-A). MÉTODOS: A crotoxina, com DL50 de 1,5 µg, foi aplicada no músculo reto superior direito de dez coelhos da raça neozelandesa, em concentrações que variaram de 0,015 µg a 150 µg. Em dois coelhos, utilizou-se 2 unidades de toxina botulínica do tipo A para análise comparativa. A avaliação da paralisia foi realizada através de eletromiografia seriada. Após a recuperação, que ocorreu em dois meses, seis coelhos foram sacrificados para estudo anátomopatológico. RESULTADOS: Os animais não apresentaram sinais de intoxicação sistêmica. Ptose palpebral transitória foi observada em quase todos os animais e permaneceu por até 14 dias. As toxinas causaram um bloqueio imediato da captação dos potenciais elétricos. A recuperação foi gradativa no período aproximado de um mês, observando-se sinais evidentes de regeneração no registro eletromiográfico. Os efeitos da crotoxina na paralização do músculo injetado foram proporcionais à concentração. A crotoxina, na concentração de 1,5 µg, induziu alterações semelhantes às da toxina botulínica do tipo A. Os achados anátomo-patológicos foram localizados somente na região em que se aplicou as toxinas, não havendo necrose de fibras musculares em nenhuma amostra analisada. As alterações causadas pela crotoxina também foram proporcionais à concentração utilizada e similares a toxina botulínica do tipo A na concentração de 1,5 µg. CONCLUSÃO: A crotoxina foi capaz de induzir paralisia transitória do músculo reto superior. Este efeito foi caracterizado pela redução na amplitude dos potenciais de ação e sinais inespecíficos de fibrilação. Observou-se que a ação da crotoxina, em concentração de 1,5 µg, proporcionou efeito semelhante ao da toxina botulínica do tipo A.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/pharmacology , Crotoxin/administration & dosage , Neuromuscular Agents/pharmacology , Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects , Ophthalmoplegia/chemically induced , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Injections, Intraocular , Models, Animal , Neuromuscular Agents/administration & dosage , Oculomotor Muscles/pathology
7.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 71(3): 184-187, maio-jun. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-643917

ABSTRACT

Relato de 4 casos de pacientes encaminhadas ao serviço de Ortóptica deste Hospital, que apresentaram diplopia após a injeção de toxina botulínica tipo A para rejuvenescimento facial. Nas medidas de ângulo do estrabismo em posições diagnósticas todas apresentaram microestrabismo paralítico, sendo duas por déficit da função do músculo oblíquo inferior e duas por déficit de função de músculo reto lateral. Baseados nos casos descritos, aconselha-se aos profissionais que fazem uso desta toxina para fins de rejuvenescimento facial que estejam atentos para a diplopia como efeito colateral.


Report of 4 patients referred to the Orthoptics Service of this Hospital, who presented diplopia after the injection of botulinic toxin type A for facial rejuvenation.When measuring the angle of the strabismus in the diagnostic positions, all of the patients presented paralitical micro strabismus, two of them due to inferior oblique paresisand the other two due to lateral rectus paresis. Based on the cases described, we advise the professionals that make use of BTA for facial rejuvenation to be aware of diplopia as a complication.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/adverse effects , Diplopia/chemically induced , Neuromuscular Agents/adverse effects , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects , Paresis/chemically induced , Rejuvenation , Skin Aging , Cosmetic Techniques/adverse effects , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological , Diplopia/diagnosis , Facial Muscles , Injections , Neuromuscular Agents/administration & dosage
8.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 75(2): 111-115, mar.-abr. 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-640157

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the change in ocular motility and muscle thickness measured with ultrasonography after intramuscular injection of bupivacaine and botulinum toxin A. METHODS: Eight patients (five female) were enrolled to measure ocular motility prior and 1, 7, 30 and 180 days after one injection of 2 ml of 1.5% bupivacaine and 2.5 U of botulinum toxin A in agonist and antagonist muscles, respectively, of eight amblyopic eyes. Muscle thickness was measured prior and on days 1, 7 and 30 after injection using 10-MHz ultrasonography (eyelid technique). RESULTS: Mean change in alignment was 10 prism diopters after 180 days (n=6). An average increase of 1.01 mm in muscle thickness was observed after 30 days of bupivacaine injection and 0.28 mm increase was observed after botulinum toxin A injection, as measured by ultrasonography. Lateral rectus muscles injected with bupivacaine had a mean increase of 1.5 mm in muscle thickness. CONCLUSION: In this study, a change in ocular motility was observed after 180 days of intramuscular injection of bupivacaine and botulinum toxin in horizontal extraocular muscles. Overall, there was an increase of muscle thickness in both botulinum toxinum A and bupivacaine injected muscles after 30 days of injection when measured by ultrasonography. This change was more pronounced on lateral rectus muscles after bupivacaine injection.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar a mudança na motilidade ocular e espessura dos músculos medida por ultrassonografia após injeção intramuscular de bupivacaína e toxina botulínica tipo A. MÉTODOS: Oito pacientes (5 mulheres) foram incluidos para avaliar a mudança na motilidade ocular antes e após 1, 7, 30 e 180 dias da injeção de 2 ml de bupivacaína 1,5% e 2,5 U de toxina botulínica tipo A nos músculos agonista e antagonista, respectivamente, de 8 olhos amblíopes. A espessura muscular foi medida antes após 1, 7, 30 dias da injeção através de ultrassonografia ocular 10-MHz (técnica palpebral). RESULTADOS: A média de mudança no alinhamento ocular foi igual a 10 dioptrias prismáticas após 180 dias (n=6). Foi observado um aumento médio de 1,01 mm na espessura muscular após 30 dias da injeção de bupivacaína e 0,28 mm após a injeção de toxina botulínica A medido pela ultrassonografia. Os músculos reto laterais injetados com bupivacaína tiveram um aumento médio de 1,5 mm na sua espessura. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo, observou-se uma mudança no alinhamento ocular após 180 dias de injeção intramuscular de bupivacaína e toxina botulínica A. Em geral, houve um aumento da espessura muscular de ambos os grupos de músculos injetados com toxina botulínica A e com bupivacaína após 30 dias da injeção. Essa mudança foi mais pronunciada nos músculos retos laterais após a injeção de bupivacaína.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Eye Movements/drug effects , Neuromuscular Agents/administration & dosage , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects , Strabismus/drug therapy , Injections, Intramuscular , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
9.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 290-296, 2012.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-194319

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the myotoxicity of bevacizumab on extraocular muscles in a rabbit model. METHODS: Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were used for this study. The animals were evenly divided into two groups. In the first group, 15 rabbits were treated with intramuscular injections of bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) in the right superior rectus muscle and normal saline solution (0.05 mL) in the left superior rectus muscle. In the second group, 15 rabbits were treated with subconjunctival injections of bevacizumab (2.5 mg/0.1 mL) in the right superior subconjunctival area and normal saline solution (0.1 mL) in the left superior subconjunctival area. Five rabbits in each group were sacrificed at one day, two weeks and four weeks after the injections. Extraocular muscle samples were prepared for light microscopic (LM) and electron microscopic (EM) examination. Degrees of acute inflammation were evaluated via CD-11b immunohistochemistry, and global muscle change was investigated using hematoxylin and eosin stains. Intensity of fibrosis was evaluated using Masson trichrome stains, and ultrastructural changes were observed on EM. RESULTS: We observed no significant inflammatory cell infiltration, muscle necrosis or fibrotic change in treated and control eyes. EM findings revealed no significant damage to muscle or vascular tissue after bevacizumab injection. CONCLUSIONS: We found no signs of extraocular muscle toxicity after LM and EM intramuscular and subconjunctival bevacizumab injections in a rabbit model.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Injections , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects
10.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 72(6): 799-804, Nov.-Dec. 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-536774

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a carboximetilcelulose 6,0% é capaz de atuar como modificadora do sistema oculomotor de coelhos por meio de forças de ação viscoelástica, a durabilidade de seu eventual efeito e reações teciduais à aplicação. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 25 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia, divididos em dois grupos experimentais: um tratado com injeção peribulbar de carboximetilcelulose (CMC) 6,0 por cento e um controle que foi submetido à injeção peribulbar de 3,0 cc de soro fisiológico. No grupo tratado com CMC, variou-se o volume total injetado, obtendo-se, assim, quatro subgrupos (1,0, 1,5, 2,0 e 3,0 cc). Foram realizadas medidas da força necessária para promover movimentos tangenciais de adução, avaliação clínica e medidas da pressão intraocular antes, imediatamente após a injeção da substância e no 7º, 30º e 60º dia pós-operatório. A eutanásia dos animais foi realizada no 60º dia pós-operatório para análise histológica dos tecidos perioculares. RESULTADOS: A força média encontrada, 60 dias após a injeção da CMC 6,0 por cento, foi menor no subgrupo tratado 1,0 e maior nos subgrupos tratados 1,5, 2,0 e 3,0 relativamente à força antes da injeção. Nos subgrupos em que houve aumento da força, a análise histológica revelou processo inflamatório do tipo histiocitário com formação de fibrose e a presença da CMC nos tecidos perioculares. CONCLUSÕES: A carboximetilcelulose 6,0 por cento atuou como modificadora do sistema oculomotor de coelhos, podendo facilitar ou dificultar movimentos. Não foi possível concluir se o aumento da força deveu-se apenas ao processo inflamatório ou à soma de inflamação com um possível atrito viscoso provocado pela CMC.


PURPOSE: To determine the effects of 6.0% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in modifying the oculomotor system of rabbits by means of viscoelastic action forces, the durability of this effect and possible inflamatory reaction. METHODS: Twenty-five New Zealand rabbits were divided into two experimental groups: one treated with a peribulbar injection of 6.0 percent CMC and a control group submitted to peribulbar injection of 3.0 cc of physiological saline. The group submitted to peribulbar CMC injection was divided into four subgroups respectively receiving the following volumes: 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 cc. The force needed to promote tangential adduction dislocations, external ophthalmologic signs and intraocular pressure were evaluated. The animals were sacrificed on the 60th day after the injection for histological analysis. RESULTS: The mean force detected 60 days after the injection of 6.0 percent CMC was lower in the 1.0 treated subgroup and higher in the 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 treated subgroups relative to the force before injection. Histological analysis revealed histiocytic infiltration with fibrosis in the subgroups in which there was an increase in force and the presence of CMC in periocular tissues. CONCLUSIONS: 6.0 percent CMC acted as a modifier of the oculomotor system of rabbits, facilitating or impairing movements. It was not possible to conclude whether the increase in force occurred as a consequence of the inflammatory process alone or of the sum of inflammation and a possible viscous attrition provoked by CMC.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rabbits , Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium/administration & dosage , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects , Orbit/drug effects , Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium/adverse effects , Elasticity Imaging Techniques/methods , Histiocytes/pathology , Models, Animal , Oculomotor Muscles/pathology , Oculomotor Muscles/physiology , Orbital Myositis/etiology , Orbital Myositis/pathology , Orbital Myositis/physiopathology
11.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 71(4): 480-485, jul.-ago. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-491875

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Apresentar dados morfométricos da fenda palpebral, antes e após a aplicação da toxina botulínica tipo A em pacientes com retração palpebral na fase aguda da orbitopatia distireoidiana. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo com 12 indivíduos submetidos à aplicação de 5 UI/0,1 ml de toxina botulínica tipo A em uma das pálpebras superiores. O seguimento mínimo foi de 6 meses. A avaliação palpebral foi registrada por meio de captação de imagens com uma câmera filmadora de vídeo conectada a um microcomputador. RESULTADOS: As medidas da fenda palpebral vertical, distância da margem palpebral superior reflexo, área total da fenda palpebral e função do músculo levantador da pálpebra superior, apresentaram diminuição após a aplicação da droga. Houve diminuição, nos olhos tratados, da diferença entre a área lateral e a área medial da fenda palpebral. A distância margem palpebral inferior reflexo não mostrou alterações. No olho contralateral, houve aumento das medidas (fenda palpebral vertical, distância margem palpebral superior reflexo, área total da fenda palpebral) até 2 semanas após a aplicação. CONCLUSÕES: Estes resultados mostram uma melhora da retração e do contorno palpebral superior, sem alterar o posicionamento da pálpebra inferior.


PURPOSE: To compare morphometric data of eyelid fissure using computerized image analysis before and after application of botulinum toxin type A in patients with eyelid retraction caused by dysthyroid orbitopathy in acute stage. METHODS: This was a prospective study with 12 individuals that received transcutaneous 5 UI/0.1 ml injection of botulinum toxin in the upper eyelid. They were examined periodically for 6 months. Clinical eyelid examination was performed and re corded using a video camera connected to a microcomputer. RESULTS: Vertical eyelid fissure, upper eyelid margin to reflex distance and the eyelid area showed reduction in the treated eye. A decrease in the levator function of the upper eyelid was observed, and also, a reduction in the difference between the lateral and medial areas. The lower eyelid margin reflex distance did not show any significant differences after the application. Measurements of the contralateral eye increased up to 2 weeks after the application. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed a reduction in eyelid retraction and improving the upper eyelid contour, without changes in the lower eyelid position.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage , Eyelid Diseases/drug therapy , Eyelids/pathology , Graves Disease/complications , Neuromuscular Agents/administration & dosage , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects , Acute Disease , Eyelid Diseases/etiology , Eyelid Diseases/pathology , Follow-Up Studies , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Oculomotor Muscles/physiopathology , Prospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors , Young Adult
12.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 70(2): 209-215, mar.-abr. 2007. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-453157

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficiency of triamcinolone (TRI) in limiting the postoperative inflammatory response and scarring after strabismus surgery. METHODS: A prospective, two-stage, masked, controlled trial was conducted. In the first stage, the inflammatory response at the extraocular muscle reattachment site was analyzed after superior rectus recession in ten rabbits. In the second stage, TRI (40 mg/ml) was applied during surgery to the eyes of 16 rabbits with superior rectus recession. As a control, contralateral eyes were treated with physiological saline. Fifteen days later, exenteration was performed, and the sites of muscle reattachment were processed for histological examinations. The sums of the areas of the granulomas in the extraocular muscle reattachment sites of control and treated eyes were compared. RESULT: There was a preliminary inhibition effect of TRI on the inflammatory response of treated eyes compared with that of control eyes. CONCLUSIONS: In the conditions of conducting this study the introperative use of TRI was effective in controlling the postoperative inflammatory response in rabbit eyes after extraocular muscle surgery.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficiência da triancinolona (TRI) como agente modulador da resposta inflamatória e cicatricial em coelhos submetidos à cirurgia de estrabismo. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo prospectivo, mascarado, em dois estágios. No primeiro estágio 10 coelhos foram submetidos a retrocesso do músculo reto superior em ambos os olhos, aplicando-se triancinolona (40 mg/ml) em um dos olhos e como controle, solução salina nos olhos contralaterais. Quinze dias e trinta dias após, os animais foram exenterados e o material do sítio de reinserção muscular foi submetido à análise qualitativa e quantitativa. No segundo estágio, com incrementação da agressão cirúrgica, 16 coelhos foram submetidos aos mesmos procedimentos com exenteração e análise dos tecidos após 15 dias. RESULTADO: Houve efeito inibitório da TRI na resposta inflamatória dos olhos tratados quando comparados aos olhos-controle. CONCLUSÕES: Nas condições de realização do presente estudo o uso per-operatório da TRI foi efetivo no controle da resposta inflamatória em olhos de coelhos submetidos à cirurgia de estrabismo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Glucocorticoids/adverse effects , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Strabismus/drug therapy , Strabismus/surgery , Triamcinolone Acetonide/adverse effects , Triamcinolone Acetonide/therapeutic use , Disease Models, Animal , Epidemiologic Methods , Fibrosis/diagnosis , Fibrosis/etiology , Fibrosis/pathology , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Granuloma/diagnosis , Granuloma/etiology , Granuloma/pathology , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects , Oculomotor Muscles/pathology , Oculomotor Muscles/surgery , Sodium Chloride/therapeutic use , Staining and Labeling/methods , Strabismus/pathology , Triamcinolone Acetonide/administration & dosage , Wound Healing
13.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 70(2): 221-224, mar.-abr. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-453159

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a ligação entre músculos oculares extrínsecos e esferas de polietileno poroso usando um bioadesivo. MÉTODOS: Estudo experimental envolvendo 8 coelhos albinos submetidos a enucleação do olho direto com colocação de implante esférico de polietileno poroso de 12 mm de diâmetro unido aos músculos oculares extrínsecos por meio do bioadesivo 2-octil-cianoacrilato. Noventa dias após a cirurgia os animais foram sacrificados e o conteúdo orbitário removido. Em 4 animais foi realizado estudo biomecânico, avaliando-se a força de ruptura entre a musculatura e a esfera (grupo implante) e entre a musculatura e a esclera nos olhos contralaterais (grupo controle). Nos outros 4 animais foi realizada análise histológica. RESULTADO: A avaliação biomecânica revelou que a força de ruptura entre esfera-músculo e esclera-músculo foram semelhantes quando se usa o adesivo de cianoacrilato. O exame histológico mostrou reação fibrovascular no local da adesão entre a musculatura e a esfera, sem efeitos deletérios aos tecidos. Ao redor dos implantes foi possível observar pseudocápsula e no interior, neovasos e tecido fibrovascular preenchendo os espaços entre os grânulos do polietileno. CONCLUSÃO: O adesivo 2-octil-cianoacrilato mantém boa força de adesão na união entre os músculos e as esferas de polietileno poroso, com redução do tempo cirúrgico e sem efeitos deletérios aos tecidos orbitais. Desta forma, deve-se considerar o uso do bioadesivo na reconstrução da cavidade anoftálmica.


PURPOSE: To evaluate fixation by a bioadhesive of the external ocular muscles to the porous polyethylene spheres. METHODS: An experimental study was performed using eight white rabbits that underwent right eye enucleation with placement of 12 mm spheres of porous polyethylene. The rectus muscles (superior and inferior) were attached to the implant with a bioadhesive (2-octyl-cyanoacrylate) applied to the inferior side of the external muscles. Ninety days after surgery the orbital content was removed and 4 animals were submitted to a tensile strength test of the muscle-sphere attachment and the other 4 to histological evaluation. RESULTS: The tensile strength test showed that the rupture force was similar between the muscle and porous polyethylene sphere bond attachment and normal external ocular muscles. The histologic evaluation showed fibrous tissue reaction and muscle-sphere attachment with no deleterious effects to the tissues; a capsule formation around the spheres and new vessels inside the implant were also observed. CONCLUSION: 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate provides strength adhesion between muscles and spheres, with surgery time reduction and does not provoke deleterious effects on the orbital tissues. Thus, the bioadhesive might be a good choice for use in the anophthalmic cavity reconstruction.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Cyanoacrylates/therapeutic use , Orbital Implants , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects , Orbit/surgery , Polyethylenes , Tissue Adhesives/therapeutic use , Cyanoacrylates , Eye Enucleation , Models, Animal , Oculomotor Muscles/surgery , Orbit/pathology , Porosity , Tensile Strength/physiology
14.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 68(6): 743-745, nov.-dez. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-420180

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Medir a extensão de aderências mioesclerais no quadragésimo dia de pós-operatório. MÉTODOS: Quinze coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia foram distribuídos em três grupos de cinco coelhos, submetidos à operação de desinserção do músculo reto superior de ambos os olhos, e reposicionamento no local da inserção original: o Grupo SP para o controle, sutura com fio de poliglactina 910 (Vicryl® 6-0), Grupo AF, adesivo de fibrina (Beriplast-P®), e Grupo AC, adesivo de cianoacrilato (Histoacryl®). Antes da desinserção muscular, foram medidas as distâncias do gancho sob o músculo ao limbo, borda medial e lateral. Após quarenta e cinco dias, estes olhos foram reoperados e as medidas realizadas novamente. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa entre os adesivos estudados, quanto à adesão tecidual e às distâncias encontradas do músculo ao limbo nos pré- e pós-operatórios. CONCLUSÕES: As aderências teciduais encontradas foram provavelmente devidas aos processos de cicatrização, não dependendo dos materiais estudados.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Materials Testing , Oculomotor Muscles/anatomy & histology , Oculomotor Muscles/surgery , /therapeutic use , Tissue Adhesives/therapeutic use , Chi-Square Distribution , Cyanoacrylates/therapeutic use , Disease Models, Animal , Fibrin Tissue Adhesive/therapeutic use , Intraoperative Period , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects , Postoperative Care , Preoperative Care , Suture Techniques , Strabismus/surgery
15.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 68(2): 245-249, mar.-abr. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-402523

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Comparar dois métodos de aplicação de toxina botulínica A (TBA) em músculo ocular externo: com auxílio de eletromiógrafo (EMG) e com a pinça de Mendonça. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados no Departamento de Oftalmologia da UNIFESP 29 pacientes que apresentavam estrabismo e baixa acuidade visual em um olho. Foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo I - 17 pacientes que receberam a toxina botulínica A por meio de injeção com auxílio da pinça de Mendonça e grupo II - 12 pacientes que receberam a toxina botulínica A por injeção guiada pelo eletromiógrafo. Os pacientes dos dois grupos foram avaliados no 7º e no 14º dia após aplicação. Compararam-se os resultados dos dois grupos neste período de tempo. Os testes de correlação de Friedman e Mann-Whitney foram usados para análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença estatística entre as médias de desvio pré-aplicação e em pelo menos um período (7º ou 14º dia) após aplicação, tanto no grupo dos pacientes em que foi utilizada a pinça, quanto no grupo de pacientes em que foi utilizado o eletromiógrafo. Não houve diferença estatística dos desvios pré-aplicação e pós-aplicação entre os dois grupos. CONCLUSAO: Os dois métodos de aplicação da toxina botulínica A são equivalentes e portanto, o uso da pinça de Mendonça pode ser método alternativo ao uso do eletromiógrafo, para guiar a injeção de toxina botulínica A.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Neuromuscular Agents/administration & dosage , Electromyography/instrumentation , Strabismus/drug therapy , Oculomotor Muscles , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Injections, Intramuscular/methods , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects , Statistics, Nonparametric
16.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-38201

ABSTRACT

A prospective descriptive study was conducted to determine the results of Botulinum Toxin Type A (BTA) injection on esotropia in children, as this may be an alternative to incisional surgery for strabismus. Between September 1998 and February 2002, eleven patients (6 boys and 5 girls) with esotropia were treated with BTA at the Department of Ophthalmology, Songklanagarin Hospital. The average ages at the time of the first and second treatments were 26.8 months (range 14-40 months) and 32.3 months (range 19-54 months), respectively. An open sky procedure was used to inject the BTA. Alignment within +/- 10 prism of orthotropia was considered a successful outcome of BTA treatment in the patients. If the result of the first injection was an incomplete paralysis and the strabismus remained undercorrected, the subsequent dose was increased up to double the initial dose. The mean deviation angle was 40.4 prism diopter (PD) before the first injection and 24.5PD before the second injection. Eight of 11 (72.7%) cases had a sucessful outcome. BTA injection in childhood esotropia may be an alternative to incisional strabismus surgery.


Subject(s)
Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage , Child, Preschool , Cohort Studies , Esotropia/diagnosis , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Injections, Intramuscular , Male , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Severity of Illness Index , Thailand , Treatment Outcome
17.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2000 Dec; 48(4): 285-9
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-70390

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of 7.5% sodium bicarbonate buffered lidocaine (pH 7.2) with hyaluronidase mixed lidocaine (pH 4.6) for local anaesthesia in cataract surgery. METHODS: This prospective study comprised two parts. Part I: We evaluated the ocular and systematic anaesthetic safety and efficacy of 7.5% sodium bicarbonate buffered lidocaine on 112 consecutive patients undergoing cataract extraction with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. At 12-week postoperative follow up final visual acuity and detailed fundus examination was done. Part II: It was conducted as a double blind, randomized comparative clinical trial involving 120 patients undergoing cataract surgery under retrobulbar anaesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: 60 eyes received 2 ml of 2% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine and 1 ml of 7.5% sodium bicarbonate, (0.299 mmol/ml); the remaining 60 eyes received 2 ml of 2% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine and 450 units of hyaluronidase (15 U/ml). In the event of incomplete akinesia, retrobulbar blocks were supplemented at 10 minutes. Onset and duration of anaesthesia and akinesia were assessed and compared in both groups. RESULTS: The pH-adjusted lidocaine group did not show any demonstrable variation in blood pressure (BP) or other systemic reaction. No anaesthesia-related adverse ocular effects were observed either during or after surgery. Thirty-one eyes (51.6%) achieved complete anaesthesia and akinesia within 5 minutes compared to 13 eyes (21.6%) in the hyaluronidase group. However, the overall mean onset time of anaesthesia and akinesia, repeat block rate and the duration of the anaesthesia were comparable in both the groups--p: 0.14). Twelve weeks postoperatively 88.39% of patients showed a best corrected visual acuity of 6/18 or better (73.21%-6/12 or better). CONCLUSION: In this study, sodium bicarbonate buffered 2% lidocaine was found to be a safe and effective local anaesthetic, with reduced time of onset, and improved quality of both anaesthesia and akinesia. Sodium bicarbonate (7.5%) may be used as an alternative to hyaluronidase in ocular anaesthesia. It is readily available and is cost effective.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Anesthesia, Local/methods , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Cataract Extraction , Double-Blind Method , Drug Combinations , Epinephrine/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/administration & dosage , Lidocaine/administration & dosage , Male , Middle Aged , Muscle Contraction/drug effects , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects , Ophthalmic Solutions , Prospective Studies , Safety , Sodium Bicarbonate/administration & dosage , Vasoconstrictor Agents/administration & dosage , Visual Acuity/drug effects
19.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 51-58, 1995.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-123061

ABSTRACT

In adjustable strabismus surgery, a satisfactory final result would be achieved with delayed adjustment. However, the postoperative adhesions following strabismus surgery make delayed adjustment impossible. We evaluated the efficacy of mitomycin C in reducing the severity of postoperative adhesions following strabismus surgery and in delaying the time adjustment after surgery. Experimental rabbits underwent a hang-back recession procedure in the superior rectus muscle. A topical application of mitomycin C was made between the conjunctiva and the sclera for 5 minutes during the operation. We then studied the possible time of delayed adjustment and estimated the minimal forces required for the adjustment. The topical application of 0.1 mg/ml mitomycin C between the conjunctiva and sclera allowed for a 2-week delayed adjustment after surgery, and 0.2 mg/ml mitomycin C prevented the adhesions between these tissues and the muscle 5 weeks after surgery. These results suggest that topical mitomycin C may enhance the success rate of strabismus surgery with delayed adjustment and reduce postoperative adhesions.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Administration, Topical , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Mitomycin/administration & dosage , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects , Ophthalmic Solutions , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Sclera/drug effects , Strabismus/drug therapy , Suture Techniques , Tissue Adhesions/prevention & control
20.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 14-19, 1994.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-139569

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the histopathologic changes after an inferior oblique marginal myotomy with local injection of triamcinolone, an inferior oblique marginal myotomy was performed in 14 white rabbits and they were divided into 2 groups, one group with a local injection of triamcinolone and the other group without triamcinolone injection after a myotomy. At the postoperative one month, an edema of the muscle fibers and an infiltration of the inflammatory cells were observed and at postoperative three months, a fibrous tissue ingrowth around the muscle fibers and an atrophy of the muscle fibers were found and those changes were less prominant in the group with triamcinolone injection. The local injection of triamcinolone after the inferior oblique marginal myotomy would help in decreasing the fibrous tissue ingrowth and the formation of the scar tissue, thus it could be used in augmenting the effect of the inferior oblique marginal myotomy.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Atrophy , Edema , Eye Diseases/pathology , Injections , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects , Triamcinolone/administration & dosage
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